Manifestações orofaciais associadas aos diferentes tipos de anemias / Orofacial manifestations associated with different types of anemia

Introduction: Anemias correspond to hematological disorders that can present in the oral cavity and face. Objective: To review the literature on the main types of anemic disorders and their orofacial manifestations, considering the aspects of interest to dentists. Methodology: This is a literature review, in which articles were selected in Portuguese and English, indexed in the Scielo, Medline/Pubmed and Lilacs databases with the descriptors: Anemia, Oral Manifestations, Jaw Abnormalities and their correspondents in Portuguese language. Literature review: Anemic disorders associated with orofacial signs and symptoms include mainly Iron-Deficiency, Megaloblastic, Fanconis, Sickle Cell, Thalassemia and Aplastic Anemia. The manifestations vary from burning and painful symptoms in the tongue, pallor of lips and mucosa, stomatitis, atrophic glossitis, angular cheilitis, susceptibility to candidiasis and peri-odontal disease. Also, dental changes, hyposalivation, malocclusion, osteomyelitis of the jaw, paraesthesia of the mental nerve and orofacial pain are included. Conclusion: These manifestations can be the first signs of the presence of anemia, which gives the dentist an important role in early diagnosis and proper management of dental treatment.

Introdução: As anemias correspondem a distúrbios hematológicos que podem apresentar manifestações na cavidade oral e face. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura acerca dos principais tipos de distúrbios anêmicos e suas manifestações orofaciais, considerando os aspectos de interesse aos cirurgiões-dentistas. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, em que foram selecionados artigos em português e inglês, indexados nas bases de dados do Scielo, Medline/Pubmed e no Lilacs, com os descritores: Anemia, Oral Manifestations, Jaw Abnormalities e seus correspondentes na língua portuguesa. Revisão de literatura: Os distúrbios anêmicos associados aos sinais e sintomas orofaciais incluem principalmente a Anemia Ferropriva, Megaloblástica, de Fanconi, Falciforme, Talassemia e Anemia Aplástica. As manifestações variam de ardência e sintomatologia dolorosa em língua, palidez de lábios e mucosa, estomatite, glossite atrófica, queilite angular, suscetibilidade a candidíase e doença periodontal. Ainda, englobam-se as alterações dentárias, hipossalivação, má oclusão, osteomielite da mandíbula, parestesia do nervo mental e dor orofacial. Conclusão: Essas alterações podem ser os primeiros sinais da presença da anemia, o que confere ao cirurgião-dentista um importante papel no seu diagnóstico precoce e condução adequada ao tratamento odontológico.

Recognition of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) in taste test is related to blood group B phenotype, females, and risk of developing food allergy: a cross-sectional Brazilian-based study.

Anti-nutritional factors, including hemagglutinins, are natural substances that reduce nutritional bioavailability and/or generate adverse physiological effects. Most are bitter toxic compounds, but present chemo-protective properties at low concentrations. Responses to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) allow for an evaluation of humans' perception of bitter taste, a perception that has evolutionary advantages. Therefore, we hypothesized that relationships between food preference, dietary exposures and disease risk could reflect possible associations not only with the recognition threshold for the bitter taste of PTC, but also with ABO/Rh blood group phenotypes. To test this hypothesis, 375 volunteers of both genders, aged 16-49 years, were recruited. Data were obtained from laboratory tests and questionnaires. PTC test followed literature; blood typing used commercially available sera. Allele frequencies calculated from phenotypes were: T=0.51, t=0.49 (PTC); IA=0.22, IB=0.08, i=0.70 (ABO); D=0.57, d=0.43 (Rh). Associations with the recognition threshold for bitter taste were found for blood group B, females, and risk of developing food allergy for bitter taste at PTC dilution 1 (the highest concentration) (OR=3.862; 95%CI=1.387-10.756; p=0.016); for each more diluted PTC solution, the chance of food allergy fell 25.2% (95%CI = 0.764-0.836), while for each more concentrated solution the chance of food allergy increased 20.1% (p=0.000). There were also nominally significant differences among PTC tasting, ABO/Rh, genders and age-groups in relation to food preferences. Results demonstrated that the ability to recognize PTC in taste test is related to blood group B, females, and risk of developing food allergy, thus confirming the research hypothesis, and presenting original and important associations.

Hepatic function and antioxidant activity in diabetic rats subjected to diet supplemented with multimixture.

INTRODUCTION: Food and dietetic components have received considerable attention as auxiliary feeding resources on controlling of chronic non-transmissible diseases, among them diabetes. This study evaluated the effect of supplementary diet with multimixture based on linseed, sesame, oats and sunflower seeds on the hepatic function and antioxidant activity of diabetic rats. METHODS: Male rats were distributed on groups of seven animals: diabetic control (DC), diabetics subject to multimixture diet (DM), diabetic with insulin (DI), and normal control (NC). The treatment was started on the 5th day after diabetes induction with 40 mg/kg i.v. streptozotocin on tampon citrate and kept during 50 days. RESULTS: The ethereal extract of the supplemented diet showed a higher content of phenolics (p < 0.05) compared to other extracts of the supplemented diet and the ethereal extract of the standard diet. There was no difference in antioxidant in vitro activity of the utilized diets. Concerning to transaminases, significant bigger ALT levels (p < 0.05) were present on diabetic groups compared to NC. The relative liver weight on diabetic groups was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to NC group. Non-proteic sulfhydryl group levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) on DM and I groups when compared to DM and NC. Only the treatment with insulin resulted in an improvement of antioxidant activity concerning to hepatic catalase. The supplementation with multimixture did not improve the metabolic control of diabetes. CONCLUSION: The multimixture treatment showed an isolated improvement on antioxidant activity in the hepatic tissue, evidenced by the increasing on non-proteic sulfhydryl group levels.

Hepatic function and antioxidant activity in diabetic rats subjected to diet supplemented with multimixture / Función hepática y actividad antioxidante en ratas diabéticas con dieta suplementada con multimezcla

Introduction: Food and dietetic components have received considerable attention as auxiliary feeding resources on controlling of chronic non-transmissible diseases, among them diabetes. This study evaluated the effect of supplementary diet with multimixture based on linseed, sesame, oats and sunflower seeds on the hepatic function and antioxidant activity of diabetic rats. Methods: Male rats were distributed on groups of seven animals: diabetic control (DC), diabetics subject to multimixture diet (DM), diabetic with insulin (DI), and normal control (NC). The treatment was started on the 5th day after diabetes induction with 40 mg/kg i.v. streptozotocin on tampon citrate and kept during 50 days. Results: The ethereal extract of the supplemented diet showed a higher content of phenolics (p < 0.05) compared to other extracts of the supplemented diet and the ethereal extract of the standard diet. There was no difference in antioxidant in vitro activity of the utilized diets. Concerning to transaminases, signifi cant bigger ALT levels (p < 0.05) were present on diabetic groups compared to NC. The relative liver weight on diabetic groups was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to NC group. Non-proteic sulfhydryl group levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) on DM and I groups when compared to DM and NC. Only the treatment with insulin resulted in an improvement of antioxidant activity concerning to hepatic catalase. The supplementation with multimixture did not improve the metabolic control of diabetes. Conclusion: The multimixture treatment showed an isolated improvement on antioxidant activity in the hepatic tissue, evidenced by the increasing on non-proteic sulfhydryl group levels (AU)

Introducción: alimentos y componentes de la dieta han recibido considerable atención como recursos auxiliares en el control de las enfermedades crónicas, como la diabetes. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de la dieta suplementada con base de linaza multimezcla, sésamo, avena y semillas de girasol en la función hepática y la actividad antioxidante de ratas diabéticas. Métodos: las ratas macho fueron divididas en grupos de siete animales: control de la diabetes (CD), diabéticos sometidos a dieta multimezcla (DM), diabéticos con insulina (DI), y control normal (CN). El tratamiento se inició en el quinto día después de la inducción de la diabetes con estreptozotocina 40 mg/kg i.v. en tampón citrato y se mantuvo durante 50 días. Resultados: la dieta extracto etéreo complementado tenía el contenido fenólico más alto (p < 0,05) que los otros extractos de la suplementación de la dieta y el extracto de éter de la comida estándar. No hubo diferencia en la actividad antioxidante in vitro de la alimentación usada. A medida que las transaminasas, los niveles de ALT significativamente mayor (p < 0,05) estuvieron presentes en el grupo de diabéticos en comparación con CN, el peso relativo del hígado en el grupo de diabéticos fue significativamente mayor (p < 0,001) en comparación con el grupo CN. Los grupos sulfhidrilo de los niveles de proteína no fueron significativamente mayores (p < 0,05) en los grupos F e I comparados con CN y CD. El tratamiento con insulina resultó en una mejora de la actividad antioxidante con respecto a la catalasa hepática. Conclusión: la suplementación con multimezcla no mejora el control metabólico de la diabetes. El tratamiento con multimezcla aislado mostró una mejora en la actividad antioxidante en el tejido hepático, como se evidencia por el aumento de los niveles de grupos sulfhidrilo no proteicos (AU)

A dispersão temporal e espacial da dengue 4 no estado do Rio de Janeiro no período de 2011 a 2013 / The temporal and spatial dispersion of dengue 4 in the state of Rio de Janeiro in 2011 to 2013

A dengue é uma doença aguda febril transmitida principalmente pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti. No Brasil, a doença encontra-se em franca expansão, com epidemias registradas desde a década de 80. O sorotipo 4 da doença reemerge no país em 2010 e, em 2011, são identificados os primeiros casos de infecção pelo Dengue 4 na região Sudeste, no município de Niterói. Foi objetivo geral: analisar a disseminação do vírus Dengue 4, no tempo e no espaço, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2013. Foram objetivos específicos: descrever os casos notificados de dengue no Estado do Rio de Janeiro no período; descrever os casos notificados de dengue 4, ou seja, os casos confirmados laboratorialmente como dengue 4, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro no período de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2013; descrever como o grau de cobertura da sorologia entre os casos notificados variou no tempo e espaço; elaborar mapas que permitam a análise espacial e temporal do dengue 4 no período supracitado. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico exploratório. Realizou-se uma análise descritiva simples do número de casos, sorologias realizadas, sorotipos identificados e classificação dos casos da dengue por semana epidemiológica no período de estudo, a descrição da distribuição espacial através de mapas e a descrição temporal através de gráficos utilizando-se os programas Excel, R 3.1.1 e TabWin 3.6b...

Dengue is an acute febrile disease transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti. In Brazil, the disease is in full expansion, with epidemics recorded since the 80s Serotype 4 reemerge in the country in 2010 and in 2011 the first cases of infection with dengue 4 in the Southeast were identified, in Niterói. The overall objective of this project was to analyze the spread of Dengue 4 virus, in time and space, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, from January 2011 to December 2013. Specific objectives were: to describe the reported cases of dengue in Rio de Janeiro state in period; describe the reported cases of dengue 4, i.e., the laboratory confirmed cases as dengue 4 in the state of Rio de Janeiro in January 2011 to December 2013; describe the degree of serology coverage among reported cases in time and space; produce maps that allow spatial and temporal analysis of dengue 4 in the above period. We performed a simple descriptive analysis of the number of cases, serological tests, identified serotypes and clinical classification of cases by dengue epidemiological week during the study period, the description of the spatial distribution through maps and temporal description through graphics using the Excel programs, R 3.1.1 and TabWin 3.6b...

Indicadores antropométricos de estado nutricional como preditores de capacidade em idosos / Anthropometric indicators of nutritional status as a predictor of capacity in the elderly / Los indicadores antropométricos del estado nutricional como factor predictivo de capacidad en el anciano

INTRODUÇÃO: Trata-se de estudo seccional que analisou dados de pesquisa epidemiológica de base populacional e domiciliar conduzida em um município do nordeste do Brasil. OBJETIVO: Identificar os indicadores antropométricos de estado nutricional que apresentam melhor capacidade preditiva de capacidade funcional em idosos. MÉTODOS: A população foi constituída por 316 idosos que foram avaliados por meio de questionário contendo informações sociodemográficas, atividade física e condições de saúde, seguido de avaliação antropométrica. A capacidade funcional foi avaliada por meio das escalas de Katz e de Lawton e Brody para atividades básicas e instrumentais da vida diária, respectivamente. Foram utilizados como indicadores de estado nutricional, o índice de massa corporal, a área muscular do braço e o perímetro da panturrilha. Estimou-se modelos simples e múltiplos de regressão logística multinomial, tendo a capacidade funcional como variável dependente e os indicadores antropométricos como variáveis de interesse. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 173 mulheres (54,7%) e 143 homens (45,3%). Os resultados da regressão múltipla mostraram que o perímetro da panturrilha foi o único preditor de capacidade funcional em mulheres (≤ P25: OR = 5,77, p = 0,028, para dependência nas atividades instrumentais), enquanto que nos homens o índice de massa corporal foi o único indicador associado (baixo peso: OR = 11,36, p = 0,006; sobrepeso: OR = 22,06, p = 0,002; para dependência nas atividades básicas e instrumentais). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados permitem concluir que os indicadores antropométricos preditores de capacidade funcional em idosos variam de acordo com o sexo, com o perímetro da panturrilha sendo mais adequada ...

INTRODUCTION: It is a sectional study which analyzed data from a population-based household epidemiological study conducted in a municipality in northeastern Brazil. OBJECTIVE: Identify anthropometric indicators of nutritional status which have better predictive ability of functional capacity in the elderly. METHODS: The population consisted of 316 elderly people who were assessed by a questionnaire containing sociodemographic information, physical activity and health conditions, followed by anthropometric evaluations. Functional capacity was assessed using Katz's basic activities of daily living (ADL) and Lawton-Brody's Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scales, respectively. Body mass index, arm muscle area and calf perimeter were used as indicators of nutritional status. We estimated simple and multiple models of multinomial logistic regression, considering functional capacity as the dependent variable and the anthropometric indicators as variables of interest. RESULTS: The study included 173 women (54.7%) and 143 men (45.3%). The multiple regression results showed that the calf perimeter was the only predictor of functional capacity in women (≤ P25: OR = 5.77, p = 0.028, for dependence in instrumental activities), while in men the body mass index was the only associated indicator (underweight: OR = 11.36, p = 0.006; overweight: OR = 22.06, p = 0.002 for dependence in basic and instrumental activities). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that anthropometric predictors of functional capacity in the elderly vary according to gender, with the calf perimeter being more suitable for women and the body mass index for men. .

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se trata de estudio seccional que analizó datos de encuesta epidemiológica de base poblacional y domiciliaria conducida en un municipio del noreste de Brasil. OBJETIVO: Identificar los indicadores antropométricos de estado nutricional que presentan mejor capacidad predictiva de capacidad funcional en ancianos. MÉTODOS: La población fue constituida por 316 ancianos que fueron evaluados por medio de cuestionario conteniendo informaciones sociodemográficas, actividad física y condiciones de salud, seguido de evaluación antropométrica. La capacidad funcional fue evaluada por medio de las escalas de Katz y de Lawton y Brody para actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria, respectivamente. Fueron utilizados como indicadores de estado nutricional, el índice de masa corporal, el área muscular del brazo y el perímetro de la pantorrilla. Se estimaron modelos simples y múltiples de regresión logística multinomial, teniendo la capacidad funcional como variable dependiente y los indicadores antropométricos como variables de interés. RESULTADOS: Participaron en el estudio 173 mujeres (54,7%) y 143 hombres (45,3%). Los resultados de la regresión múltiple mostraron que el perímetro de la pantorrilla fue el único predictor de capacidad funcional en mujeres (≤ P25: OR = 5,77, p = 0,028, para dependencia en las actividades instrumentales), mientras que en los hombres el índice de masa corporal fue el único indicador asociado (bajo peso: OR = 11,36, p = 0,006; sobrepeso: OR = 22,06, p = 0,002; para dependencia en las actividades básicas e instrumentales). CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados permiten concluir que los indicadores antropométricos predictores de capacidad funcional en ancianos varían de acuerdo con el sexo, con el perímetro de la pantorrilla siendo más ...